The physical mechanisms responsible for this discrepancy are identified and characterized. Single crystal silicon p-n junction solar cells made with low resistivity substrates show poorer solar energy conversion efficiency than traditional theory predicts. Studies of silicon p-n junction solar cells. Topics covered include: (1) experimental determination of bandgap narrowing in the emitter of silicon p-n junction devices (2) heavily doped transparent regions in junction solar cells, diodes, and transistors (3) high-low-emitter solar cell (4) determination of lifetimes and recombination currents in p-n junction solar cells (5) MOS and oxide-charged-induced BSF solar cells and (6) design of high efficiency solar cells for space and terrestrial applications. To provide theoretical support for investigating different ways to obtain high open-circuit voltages in p-n junction silicon solar cells, an analytical treatment of heavily doped transparent-emitter devices is presented that includes the effects of bandgap narrowing, Fermi-Dirac statistics, a doping concentration gradient, and a finite surface recombination velocity at the emitter surface. Studies of silicon p-n junction solar cells
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